Waving of hair



W. MQCDONALD ET AL WAVING OP HAIR Filed Oct. 5, 1925 Patented Ango i2,i924?.

nutren stares WILLIAM MACDONALD AAND HUGH MAGZDONALD, OF INVERNESS,SCOTLAND.

WAVIN'G 0Fy HAIR.

Application filed yOctober 5, 1923. Serial No, 666,809,

To all whom t may concer/n:

Be it known that we, WILLIAM MAC- DONALD and HUGH MACDONALD, bothsubjects of the King of Great Britain and Ireland, and both residing atHeathfield, 4 Kenneth Street, Inverness, in the county of Inverness,Scotland, have invented certain new and useful lmprovementsin andRelating to the lVaving of Hair, of which the the wound hair within acasing containing a preparation such as borax, adapted to give ofi steamor moisture when the casing is heated by an externally appliedelectrical heater.

It has been proposed to employ a dry heat to hair waving appliances byadmitting steam to a closed elastic walled acket so that the hair wassubjected to the heat and pressure of the steam. i

The object of the invention is to provide an improved heat, ,steam4 ormoisture treatmentfor the coiled hair, either alone or in the presenceof some suitable preparation or together with another vapour or othervapours.

The invention consists in providing means for waving hair comprising asteam generator (or a series of steam generators) located away from thehead of the subject, adapted to generate steam suitable for use as aheating and moisture supplying medium for the waving of hair, andadjustable conduits for conveying the steam from the generator `(orgenerators) to hair-Waving appliances.

The invention also consists in providing means whereby the steam orvapour may be applied from the centre of the convolutions of hairoutwardly and externally of the wound or coiledhair.

Further features of the invention will hereinafter appear.

ln carrying the invention into eect according to one convenient mode, byway of example, a steam generator or a series of steam` generators ofany appropriate known type is J'rovided and has any suitable means forapp ying the required heat thereto. In the case of a single generator aseries or plurality of valve-controlled outlets or connections isprovided through which the steam generated may be assed, either singlyor in groups. The gen rator may be provided with a safety valve or adevice adapted to maintain a suitable pressure within the generator.

Thevalve-controlled outlets from the generators are preferably coupledwith. flexible tubes or pipes adapted to be connected to the hair-Wavingappliances. Suitable means vfor support-ing or suspending the tubularconnections may be provided. in the neighbourhood of the subject so thatthe hair-waving appliances may be held or supported in suitablerelationship to the head of the subject.

If desired, permanent or rigid tubular connections 'may be provided fromthe steam generator to a suitable point over or adjan cent the subjectsposition and flexible connections employed simply from the eX tremitiesof the permanent or rigid pipes to the appliances.

Where a plurality. of steamf generators is employed, each connected. toits own hairwaving appliance, it may not be necessary to provide acontrol valve, it being only necessary to remove the source of heat inorder to terminate the treatment. A series of such independent steamgenerators may be heated by a gas flame or by an electric heatingelement.

Each hair-'waving appliance may be separately connected to avalve-controlled outlet from the generator or a single outlet may beconnectedto a plurality of hair-waving appliances and valve meansemployed for selective or mass treatment.

The steam may be applied to the hair under treatment by introducingitinto cas# ings of known type 'surrounding the hair butit is preferredthat the treatment of the hair should be carried out according to thesubjoineddescription.

In the -accompanying drawings Figure 1 is a side elevation ot a. steamgenerating device adapted to supply steam to a plurality of hair-wavingappliances;

Figure 2 is a plan view ot Figure TL;

Cil

Figure 3 is a diagram illustrating an arrangement of the appliance inrelation to the position of the subject to be treated;

Figure 4 is a diagrammatic sectional view of a hair-waving applianceaccording to the invention, and

Figure 5 is a similar view of a modified form of hair-waving appliance.

According to one convenient mode of carrying the invention into effectas illustrated by way of example in Figures l to 3 of the accompanyingdrawings, a steam generator a supported by an arm or bracket of a standb is provided with a series of inverted U- shaped pipes or tubes a whichon. the one side communicate with the steam space of the generator andon the outer side are downwardly directed and adapted to receive rubberconnections, suchas c. In the present example, a series of twelveU-shaped pipes a is illustrated in the drawings but it is to beunderstood that this number may be varied according to requirements.

The generator a is provided with a false bottom beneath which anelectric heating element a2 is fitted. i

The generator is provided with a safety valve a3, a valve-controlledfilling connection a* and a blow-off or relief cock a5.

Upon the outer side of the generator may be provided a rail or guard dadapted to hold off or prevent thefiexible tubes or pipe connections cfrom coming into contact with the generator surface.

Eachtube c is adapted to be connected either directly or indirectly to ahairwaving appliance. According to the preferred mode each tube'isconnected by means of a T-piece o having a control valve 02, on the onehand to another flexible or rigid tube c3 and on the other hand to acontainer such as a flexible bulb or ball c". The tube 03 is intended tobe connected to a hair-waving appliance. The bulb or ball is employed tocollect any water which may condensein the pipe c and is readilyremovable so that it may be emptiediwhen an accumulation occurs. Thelength of the pipes c should be such as to bring the more or lesshorizontal connection `c3 into the vicinity of the head of the subjectto be treated.

In order that the height of the branch conneet-ion may be adjusted andin order to take the weight from the tube, a Isuspending device may beclamped to the rail d. This suspending device may be used in conjunctionwith individual tubes or with groups thereof.

The preferred form ofsuspending devicey comprises a clamp adapted to besecured to the rail d in any adjusted position provided with a springroll-up steel or other tape, wire lor chain, which may be released by acatch somewhat on the principle of the 4wellknown measuring tape.

The tubes c may be each connected to a hair-waving appliance, the end ofa tube being introduced between the appliance upon which the hair hasbeen wound and the outer jacket or case with which it is customary tosurround the hair. method the heat treatment of the hair is effected inthe humid atmosphere of the steam applied externally.

A special covering or jac'ke-t may be provided consisting of asubstantially rigid double-walled cylinder g, the central cylindricalspace g of which is closable around a tress of hair at one end. Theinner wall (/2 of the jacket is provided with perforations g3 throughwhich the steam is adapted to act upon the hair wound upon any suitablehair-waving appliance which is intro duced into the central spacethrough the open end of the jacket. The space between the double wallsis closed at the end adapted to lie adjacent the head of the subject andmay be open as at le or partially closed to allow the steam finally toescape at the other end. The steam may be supplied to the jacket throughany suitable nipple or nozzle to which. the. flexible connection may beconnected.

According to another mode of applying steam and heat treatment, thehair-waving appliance may consist of an inner tube or tubular member e(see Figure 4) into one end of which a tube c3 may be fitted in a mannersuitable to supply steam through the tube e. e

At the inner end, that is to say at the end of the tube e which will beadjacent the head of the subject, it is preferred to provide. abell-shaped mouth e or to provide a flange or thickening at this portionwith a view to positioningT an outer tube which will be referred tobelow. At the other end of the tube a. milled flange or ring e2 isprovided. Upon the tube e an outer tube or tubular member f is mountedupon which the hair is adapted to be wound.

The outer tube f is arranged upon the inner tube so that relative rotarymotion maybe effected between the two tubes by aid of the milled flangeor ring e2 a-nd any convenient locking means m may be employed to securethe two tubes in fixed rela tion after rotation has taken place when thecoils of hair upon the outer tube f have been tightened.

lf desired. the end e' of the tube e may bc providedwith a slot e3 orother means to facilitate the gripping of the hair adjacent the roots ofthe tress under treatment.

rPhe two tubes, after the hair has been wound upon the outer one, aresuitably en closed within a jacket or cover g of rubber. materialgenerally known as cellophane, or oilskin or like material.

Steam supplied by the pipe n enters the tube e and finds its egressthrough the end e According to this lllll lll) lill

incase? and passes backwardly over the coiled hair to find its egress atl: between the cover or casing and the end of the tube to which the pipec3 is connected.

lt will 'be observed that in this mode of treatment the hair is treatedexternally with the humid atmosphere of steam while the heat in passingalong the tubular member e causes heat to be disseminated and applied tothe coiled hair from the centre oi the tress outwardly.

'l'hetoregoing description has been con-` lined to the treatment of hairby steam applied externally to the tress. Accordingr to they inventionsteam may be admitted internally so that it finds its way out from thecentre of the tress and percolates through the hair which is wound undertension, for example an inner tubular member' e (see Figure 5) isprovided with an end which` is closed by an element e'a which may engagethe tube by screwthreaded means. This element may be of forked orslotted form as at e3 in order to accommodate the tress of hair andfacilitate securing it by the aid of a tying member. At the other endthe tube e may be provided with a liange or ring e2 similar to thatdescribed in connection with Figure 4 and a steam supplying tube c3 maybe introduced into the end of the tube adjacent the dange or ring.

Around the tubular member e is mounted an outer tubular member f andarranged so that relative rotary movement may be eiiected between itselfand the tube e. Appropriate locking means fm, may be provided for thetwo tubes. y i

The inner tube e towards the end bearing the element et is provided witha series of peritorations e in order that the steam may first issueadjacent that part of the tube which lies nearest the roots of the hair.The outer tube may be perforated throughout its length as at e or for asuitable portion thereof. Where the tube is not perforated throughoutits length, it is preferred that near the `Hangs e2 pertorations areprovided so as finally to ensure the tree escape of the steam.

Steam supplied through the pipe c and issuing; through the pertorationsof the inner member, passes? outwardly through the tress of hair bymeans of the perforations in the outer tubes, the portion of the tressof hair being; treated ,by the steam at its ,greatest heat being thatinthe vicinity of the perforations. inthe inner member., rthe tubes withthe hair appropriately wound thereon may be provided with a covering Lso that the steam on escaping trom the inside of the curler will alsotill this envelope thus giving an entra external application ot steam inaddition to the internal application.

lf desired the external mode of treatment may be combined with theinternal mode as described in connection with Figure 5, for example,tubes may be provided whereby the steam is supplied internally and atthe same time externally to the hair by aid of a double walled or otherjacket device or byemploying an axial escape for the Isteam into acovering elementsuch as described in connection with Figure 5.

Any preparation such as borax or the like may be introduced into ajacket or adjacent the Wound hair in such a manner that the preparationwill come under the action ot' the steam. Furthermore, if desired, anyappropriate oil or volatile substance or preparation may be introducedinto the steam generator so that the vapours or oil or volatile matterpass over with the steam to treat the hair.

`While it is preferred to treat the coiled' hair to the humidity of thesteam in addition to the heating quality thereof, moisture may besupplied from another source such as any of those modes known at. thepresent time by the use of sachets, containers for preparations and. soforth. in which event the steam may be employed solely as an internalheating medium and may not come into contact with the hair at all. Withthis purpose in view the hair may beV dampened or a sachet containingborax or other preparation may be employed and the steam suppliedinternally of the wound hair and conveyed away to an appropriatesituation for escape after lthe heat thereof has served its purpose.

Having now described our invention what we claim as new and desiretolsecure by lietters Patent is l.. Improvements relating to the wavingof hair comprising in combination, means for generating steam away fromthe head 'ot the subject, a hair-waving appliance having an outertubular member on which the hair is wound, an inner member to which thehair is attached and adapted to be rotated relatively to the othermember, and a jacket enclosing the hair-waving appliance and comprisingan outer wall and an inner wall which enclose between them a steam spacesupplied with steam trom the generator, the said inner wall havingaseries ot pertorations for permitting the steam to be liberatedinteriorly ot the achet towards the hair wound upon the appliance.

2. lmprovements relating; to the waving oi' hair comprising incombination, means for generating steam away from the head ot' thesubject, a hair-waving appliance upon which the hair is wound, a jacketenclosing the hair upon the appliance and means for .supplying aninternal heat to hair wound upon the appliance and tor liberating steamwithin the jacket, comprising a tubular member arranged internally ofthe hair-Waving appliance.

3. Improvements relating to the Waving of hai-r including a hai-r wavingappliance Vcomposed yof an inner tubular member to which steam issupplied, an outentubular member on which the hair is woundv` the twotubular members being adapted to be rotated relatively to one anotherand means for locking such in the required position.

4. Improvements relating to the waving ofJ hair comprising means forgenerating steam away from the headl of a subject, a conduit forconveying steam, a hair waving appliance consisting 4of an inner tubularmember open at one end and attached to the steam conduit at `the other,an outer tubular member on which the hair is wound, the two tubularmembers being adapted to be rotated, relatively to one another and meansfor locking such in the required p0- sition to maintain tension upon thewound hair. p

5. Improvements relating to the waving of hair comprising means forgenerating steam away from the head of a subject, a

conduit for conveying steam, a hair waving appliance consistmg in aninner tubular member closed at one end and connected to the conduit atthe other and having perforations, an outer/tubular member about whichthe hair is wound and having perforations and the two members beingadapted to be rotated relatively to one another and means for lockingsuch in the required position to maintain tension upon the wound hair.

6. Improvements relating to the waving of hair as claimed in claim 5wherein the 'perforations inthe inner tubular member are located in theregion where the tress of hair nearest its roots is wound.

y 7. Improvements relating to the waving ofhair as claimed in claim 5wherein the outer tubular member is provided with ,openings towards itsextremity away from the head of the subject, to ensure the .free escapeof steam Substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

In testimony whereof we have signed our names to this specification.

WILLIAM MACDONALD. HUGH MACDONALD.

